Ships by Varun Bali 7C

It would be good to know that the Indian Navy is one of the largest navies in the world. The statistics of 2014 gives the list of vessels of the Indian Navy as - two aircraft carriers, one amphibious transport dock, nine Landing ship tanks, nine destroyers, fifteen frigates, one nuclear-powered attack submarine, fourteen conventionally-powered attack submarines, twenty five corvettes, seven mine countermeasure vessels, ten large offshore patrol vessels, four fleet tankers and various auxiliary vessels and small patrol boats.  

 

Conclusion

It is easy to go on and on about ships, there is just so much that goes into each category and purpose. Ships have been important parts of human living from times immemorial⁶ and have never gone out of fashion. In spite of accidents like the Titanic, ships remain an integral⁸ part of human life on earth. Introduction of jets and supersonic aircrafts have not been able to take the place of ships. Innovation⁷ will continue and newer, more advanced ships will take the place of what we have today.

 

Glossary

1 architect: a person who engages in profession of architecture

2 calibre : the diameter f he bore of a gun taken as unit of measurement

3 decommissioned :to remove, retire a ship, plane etc from active service

4 entombed: to place in a tomb, bury

5 hull: the hollow, lowermost portion of a ship, floating partially submerged and supporting the remainder of the ship

6 immemorial: extending back beyond memory, record or knowledge

7 innovation: something new or different introduced

8 integral: of, pertaining to, or belonging as a part of the whole

9 propulsion: the act or process of propelling

10 stealth: secret, clandestine or surreptitious procedure

11 tonnage: the capacity of a merchant vessel, expressed either in units of weight as dead weight tons, or of volume as gross tons.

 

Bibliography

https://www.google.co.in/#q=naval+ships+definition

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_ship

http://indiannavy.nic.in/naval-fleet/ships

Mighty Vehicles by Clever Clogs

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

2. History of Ships

3. Manufacture & Types of Ships

4. Naval Ships

5. Conclusion

6. Glossary

7. Bibliography

 

SHIPS

Most of us have travelled in some form of water transport – ships, hand boats or motor boats at a point in our lives. However, how many of us have pondered for a few moments on this ancient form of transport which is still being used today, though in a superior format.  Today’s age of specialization has not spared this field either. Naval ships are a great symbol of advanced technology and master craftsmanship. A look through this subject would enable us to appreciate the evolution of the Ships in general.

 

A ship and a boat - how are they different?

Ships, not many people know about difference between a ship and a boat. A ship is a large buoyant watercraft. Ships are generally distinguished from boats based on size, shape and cargo or passenger capacity. Ships are used on lakes, seas and rivers for a variety of activities, such as the transport of people or goods,  fishing,  entertainment,  public safety, and warfare.

A boat is a watercraft of any size designed to float or plane, to work or travel on water. Small boats are typically found on inland (lakes) or in protected coastal areas. However, boats such as the whaleboat were designed for operation from a ship in an offshore environment. In naval terms, a boat is a vessel small enough to be carried aboard another vessel. For reasons of naval tradition, submarines are usually referred to as 'boats' rather than 'ships', regardless of their size. 

 

 

History of ships-

1)     10,000 years ago first navigators began to use animal skins or woven fabrics as sails. fixed to the top of a pole set upright in a boat,

2)     3000 BC, Ancient Egyptians knew how to assemble wooden planks into a hull. They used woven straps to lash the plan gather,  and reeds  or grass stuffed between the planks helped to seal the seams.

3)     Shipbuilding skills was the Khufu ship, a vessel 143 feet (44 m) in length entombed⁴ at the foot of the Great Pyramid of Giza around 2500 BC and found intact in 1954.

4)      Ferdinand Magellan led the first expedition around the globe in 1519-1522.

5)     first half of the 18th century, the French Navy began to develop a new type of vessel known as a ship of the line, featuring seventy-four guns

6)     Colombo Express, one of the largest container ships in the world, owned and operated by Hapag-Lloyd of Germany

7)    14th century, ships like the carrack began to develop towers on the bow and stern

8)     16th century, the use of freeboard and freeing ports became widespread on galleons

9)    These ships were 56 metres (184 ft) long and their construction required 2,800 oak trees and 40 kilometres (25 mi) of rope; they carried a crew of about 800 sailors and soldiers.

10)  in 2007, the world's fleet included 34,882 commercial vessels with gross tonnage¹¹ of more than 1,000 tons

Manufacture of ships-

Now that we have looked at the history of ships, we will talk about the manufacturing of ships - Design & Process.

 

 

Ø  Design- The hull⁵ form and arrangement of ship are determined on the design stage. Research and development are also conducted at this stage. Vessel’s design starts with a specification, which a naval architect¹ uses to create a project outline, assess required dimensions, and create a basic layout of spaces and a rough displacement. After this initial rough draft, the architect can create an initial hull design, a general profile and an initial overview of the ship's propulsion⁹. At this stage, the designer can elaborate on the ship's design, adding detail and refining the design at each stage.  Designs for larger or more complex vessels may also include sail plans, electrical diagrams, and plumbing and ventilation plans.

 

 

Ø   Process –The process of ship building starts with the Arrival of steel - The steel for the hull form arrives at the factory from the iron mill by ship. The next step is Primer coating - Prior to processing operation, the steel is surface -treated to prevent corrosion. This is followed by the Cutting of steel- Cutting of steel is a first step of production. Processing of steel is what follows - The shape of the hull is formed in this phase. Lastly but very important is the

Sea Trial - Ship's performance is confirmed by sea trial.

 

Types of Ships

Different types of ships have been developed to suit varying needs of people at different periods of time. There are inland and coastal boats, seagoing and commercial vessels, special purpose vessels and naval vessels. Cruisers and luxury liners, Yachts , Warships, Cargo ships, Tug boats, Fishing vessels, Hovercraft, Oil tankers, Dough’s and Motor boats to name a few. While the basics remained the same, there were minor and major changes made to suit every purpose.

 

 

Naval Ships

Naval ships are a very interesting category of ships. The definition of Naval Ships as per the dictionary is “A naval ship is a ship (or sometimes boat, depending on classification) used by a navy. Naval ships are differentiated from civilian ships by construction and purpose.” There are various specializations under this category - aircraft carriers, naval intelligence ships, boxers used by US Navy, submarines, cruisers, battleships, and amphibious assault ships. It would be in order to talk about Aircraft Carriers, Submarines and Battleships which are the most important of the Naval ships

 

Ø  Aircraft carriers - An aircraft carrier is a warship with a full-length flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft that serves as a seagoing airbase. Typically, it is the capital ship of a fleet, as it allows a naval force to send aircraft worldwide without depending on local bases for carrying out aircraft operations. It is extremely expensive to build and important to protect. Aircraft carriers have evolved from converted cruisers to nuclear-powered warships that carry numerous fighter planes, strike aircraft, helicopters, and other types of aircraft.

 

 

Aircraft carrier Harry S Truman

 

Ø  Submarines - A submarine is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater. The term most commonly refers to a large, autonomous vessel operated by a crew on board. It is also sometimes used to refer to remotely operated vehicles and robots, as well as medium-sized or smaller vessels, such as the midget submarine and the wet sub. Used as an adjective in phrases such as submarine cable, "submarine" means "under the sea". The noun submarine evolved as a shortened form of submarine boat (and is often further shortened to sub). In naval tradition, submarines are usually referred to as "boats" rather than as "ships", regardless of their size.

 

 

 

Sindhurakshak

Ø  Battleships -A battleship is a large armoured warship with a main  battery  consisting of heavy calibre² guns. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries the battleship was the most powerful type of warship, and a fleet of battleships was vital for any nation which desired to maintain command of the sea. During World War II, aircraft carriers overtook battleships in power projection. Some battleships remained in service during the Cold War and the last were decommissioned³ in the 1990s.

 

 

The Indian Navy